Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The number of types has mixed, depending on how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut blooms and as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The place stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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