Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut blooms as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.
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