Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true variety of kinds has assorted, depending how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut flowers so that as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.
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