Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of types has varied, depending how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms so that as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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