Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending on how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.
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