Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending on how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut plants and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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