Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true quantity of species has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash plants so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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