Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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