Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending on how they are labeled, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower bouquets so when ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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