Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true variety of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorized, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so when ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.
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