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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true number of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.

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