Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The number of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are labeled, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers and since ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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