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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true quantity of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are categorized, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash plants and as ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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