Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice flowers and since ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that pull it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall flowering.
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