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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The number of types has mixed, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice plants so when ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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