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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The amount of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower flowers and as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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