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By Gafarshod Selasa, 10 Januari 2017

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are categorised, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers so that ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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