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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The true variety of species has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash flowers so when ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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