Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending on how they are classified, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms and since ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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