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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The amount of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms so that ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The herb stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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