Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true number of kinds has mixed, depending how they are classified, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers and as ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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