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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending how they are categorized, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blossoms and as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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