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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blossoms so that as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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