Caravaggio, Narcissus at the Source video Khan Academy

By Gafarshod Senin, 07 November 2016

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blossoms and since ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall flowering.

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