Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true volume of kinds has mixed, depending how they are classified, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim plants so that as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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