Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice blossoms and as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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