Habit, Detached Flower, and Portion of Leaf of Narcissus Jonquilla

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true range of kinds has varied, depending on how they are labeled, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blossoms so that as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.

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