Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending about how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash plants as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar