Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending on how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms and as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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