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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true number of types has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blossoms and since ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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