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By Gafarshod Sabtu, 24 September 2016

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The amount of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop plants and since ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

Narcissus 39;Jack Snipe39;, April 2013

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