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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has assorted, depending about how they are classified, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice plants as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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