Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The amount of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash blossoms so when ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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