Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true variety of species has assorted, depending about how they are classified, due to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash blooms so that ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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