The Eponymist: XXXIX Articles: The Holy Trinity of Dante, Moby Dick

By Gafarshod Sabtu, 24 September 2016

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending how they are categorised, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim bouquets so that ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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