Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has varied, depending on how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop plants so that ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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