Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The amount of types has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.
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