Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The true range of types has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop blossoms so when ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The herb stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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