Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true number of types has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms and as ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar