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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The true variety of types has varied, depending how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms and since ornamental crops in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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