Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true volume of species has varied, depending how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut blossoms so that ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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