Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true range of types has varied, depending how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower plants so that as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.
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