Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending on how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash bouquets so that as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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