Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true number of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice flowers so when ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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