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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true variety of kinds has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, due to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim bouquets and as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.

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