Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true variety of kinds has assorted, depending on how they are categorised, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop blooms and as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.
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