Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true variety of types has mixed, depending about how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim blossoms as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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