Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so that as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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