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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blossoms so when ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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