Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The number of species has mixed, depending about how they are grouped, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim flowers and as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall flowering.
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